NTSB Factual Report

HISTORY OF FLIGHT

On August 29, 2013, about 1300 Alaska daylight time, a Champion 7ECA (Citabria) airplane, N9624S, sustained substantial damage following a collision with terrain about 7 miles north of Sutton, Alaska. The private pilot and one passenger were fatally injured. The airplane was registered to, and operated by the pilot as a visual flight rules personal local flight under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan was filed. The flight originated from the Wolf Lake Airport, Palmer, Alaska, around 1200.

According to a family member of the pilot, the purpose of the flight was to scout for locations to hunt moose, and the pilot said that they would return later that afternoon.

When the airplane did not return to Wolf Lake, a family member of the passenger reported the airplane overdue to the 11th Air Force's Rescue Coordination Center (RCC) about 1930. The RCC initiated a search for the missing airplane along its supposed route of flight. In the early morning hours of August 30, an Air National Guard C-130 Hercules was able to locate the wreckage. Rescue personnel aboard a HH-60G helicopter were able to reach the site later that morning, and confirmed the pilot and passenger were deceased.

PERSONNEL INFORMATION

The pilot, age 30, held a private pilot certificate with a rating for airplane single engine land. He was issued a third class airman medical certificate on October 15, 2012.

No personal flight records were located for the pilot, and the aeronautical experience listed on page 3 of this report was obtained from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airman records on file in the Aerospace Medical Certification Division in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. On the pilot's most recent application for a medical certificate, he indicated his total aeronautical experience was 84.2 hours, of which 1 hour was in the previous 6 months. Additional time logs found in the accident airplane indicated a total additional flight time since the pilot's last medical of approximately 40 hours.

AIRCRAFT INFORMATION

The two-seat, high-wing, fixed-gear airplane, serial number (S/N) 169, was manufactured in 1966. It was powered by a Lycoming O-235-C1 engine, rated at 115 horsepower, driving a two-bladed metal fixed pitch propeller. The aircraft logbooks were not located during the investigation.

A note found inside the airplane revealed that, on August 27, 2013, the airplane had an oil and filter change, new wheels installed, and a new starter installed. The tachometer time for this maintenance was recorded at 112.0 hours. The tachometer time recorded at the accident site was 112.8 hours.

METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION

The closest weather reporting facility is the Palmer Airport, about 14 miles south of the accident site. At 1353, an Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) was reporting, in part: Wind, 060 degrees (true) at 6 knots; visibility, 10 statute miles; clouds and sky condition, overcast at 10,000 feet; temperature, 57 degrees F; dew point, 48 degrees F; altimeter, 29.73 inches.

WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION

The National Transportation Safety Board investigator-in-charge (IIC) along with an additional NTSB investigator reached the accident site on the morning of August 31. The wreckage was located in an area of heavy alder brush, about 250 yards upslope of the floor of about a three mile wide mountain valley. The area surrounding the accident site was interlaced with game trails, and there were numerous moose tracks and sign in the area. A large herd of moose was also spotted in the same valley in the days after the accident.

The airplane came to rest upright, in a nose-low attitude, and was resting on several toppled and broken trees. The tail was against a tree supported by the vertical stabilizer.

All control surfaces were identified at the accident site, and flight control continuity was verified from all of the flight control surfaces to the cockpit.

Both wings had spanwise leading edge crushing.

The empennage was mostly free of impact damage. The right elevator was resting against a tree and the trailing edge was crushed and bent upward.

The engine and propeller were partially buried in soft terrain; however the visible portions of the engine showed no anomalies to the case or accessories. The visible portion of one propeller blade was relatively free of impact damage.

Both main landing gear were bent upward and aft from their connecting points and exhibited signs of left-side loading.

The cockpit area was extensively damaged. The engine and firewall were displaced upward and aft, and the instrument panel was displaced upward, almost to the top of the windscreen. The mixture control was found in the full-forward position. The carburetor heat was in the off position. Throttle position could not be determined due to damage to the throttle lever. The master switch was in the on position, and the both magneto switches were in the "ON" position.

MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION

A postmortem examination was conducted under the authority of the Alaska State Medical Examiner, Anchorage, Alaska, on September 3, 2013. The cause of death for the pilot was attributed to multiple blunt force injuries.

The FAA's Civil Aeromedical Institute performed toxicological examinations for the pilot on October 7, 2013. The tests were negative for carbon monoxide and alcohol, and positive for the following drugs:

0.2044 (ug/ml, ug/g) Tetrahydrocannabinol (Marihuana) detected in Lung

0.0871 (ug/ml, ug/g) Tetrahydrocannabinol (Marihuana) detected in Liver

0.0094 (ug/ml, ug/g) Tetrahydrocannabinol (Marihuana) detected in Blood

0.2495 (ug/ml, ug/g) Tetrahydrocannabinol Carboxylic Acid (Marihuana) detected in Liver

0.0146 (ug/ml, ug/g) Tetrahydrocannabinol Carboxylic Acid (Marihuana) detected in Urine

0.012 (ug/ml, ug/g) Tetrahydrocannabinol Carboxylic Acid (Marihuana) detected in Blood

0.0055 (ug/ml, ug/g) Tetrahydrocannabinol Carboxylic Acid (Marihuana) detected in Lung

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the psychoactive compound found in marijuana with therapeutic levels as low as 0.001 ug/ml. THC has mood altering effects causing euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, sense of well-being, disorientation, image distortion, and psychosis. The ability to concentrate and maintain attention is decreased during marijuana use, and impairment of hand-eye coordination is dose-related over a wide range of dosages. Impairment in retention time and tracking, subjective sleepiness, distortion of time and distance, vigilance, and loss of coordination in divided attention tasks have all been reported. Users may be able to "pull themselves together" to concentrate on simple tasks for brief periods of time. Significant performance impairments are usually observed for at least one to two hours following marijuana use, and residual effects have been reported up to 24 hours.

Tetrahydrocannabinol carboxylic acid is the inactive metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol.

NTSB Probable Cause

The pilot’s failure to maintain airplane control while maneuvering at low altitude, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall/spin and collision with terrain. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s use of marijuana, which likely degraded his psychomotor ability.