NTSB Factual Report

On June 26, 2005, at 1511 Pacific daylight time, a Cessna 337G (Skymaster) airplane, N3BZ, impacted a light post, a hotel, and terrain during a forced landing that took place shortly after departing the Mojave Airport, Mojave, California. The private pilot sustained serious injuries and his three passengers sustained minor injuries. The airplane was substantially damaged. The pilot operated the personal flight under the provisions of 14 CFR Part 91. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and a visual flight rules flight plan was filed for the flight, which departed Mojave a few minutes prior to the accident, and was destined for Van Nuys, California.

The Cessna 337G utilizes two Continental IO-360 engines; one mounted on the nose of the airplane, and the other mounted aft of the fuselage (often referred to as a push-pull engine/propeller configuration). The airplane has two tail booms that extend aft from the left and right wing, respectively, and are joined at the trailing end of the airplane via a horizontal stabilizer and elevator. A vertical stabilizer and rudder attach to the end of each tail boom.

According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector who interviewed the pilot and the passengers, they all reported that the pilot applied full power for takeoff and the airplane climbed to approximately 200 feet above the ground. At that point, the airplane encountered wind shear and began sinking. According to the passenger seated in the left rear seat, he noted both engines were indicating 24 inches of manifold pressure and 2,500 rpm as the airplane sank. He asked the pilot if everything was okay and the pilot responded that he had it under control.

The airplane continued to descend and eventually impacted the ground, which was followed by the right wing's impact with a light post. The airplane erupted in flames as it continued toward the sidewall of a hotel. The airplane slid along the wall, crossed over the northbound lanes of highway 14, before coming to rest upright on the southbound lanes of the highway. The rear seat passengers exited the airplane followed by the front seat passenger and pilot.

According to the pilot's written statement, they departed from runway 26 as the wind was from 220 degrees at 15 to 18 knots. The takeoff was "normal" and the airplane climbed at a rate of 300 feet/minute. The pilot retracted the landing gear and raised the flaps. The airplane continued to climb, but around 300 feet above ground level (agl), the pilot felt a "downdraft and a sharp loss of altitude." He checked all engine instruments and airspeed, all of which "indicated okay." The pilot lowered the nose in an attempt to gain more airspeed, and noted a building in his flight path. The pilot attempted to fly the airplane toward an alleyway and informed his passengers to prepare for an emergency landing. The airplane impacted a light post, and a hotel.

The airplane was photo documented on scene, then transported to Aircraft Recovery Services, Pearblossom, California, for further examination.

Post-accident examination of the wreckage by a National Transportation Safety Board investigator, an FAA inspector, and investigators from Teledyne Continental Motors (TCM) and Cessna Aircraft Company, both parties to the investigation, revealed the fuselage and center wing section sustained significant fire damage. The inboard portions of both wings were also significantly fire damaged and the right wing had separated in two at the tail boom junction. Flight control continuity was established from the cockpit to all flight control surfaces with the exception of the left aileron, which was consumed by fire. The flap actuator was separated from the wing and sustained fire damage. Measurement of the actuator revealed it was extended about 0.9 inches, which according to Cessna, equated to approximately 2 degrees of flap extension. The throttle quadrant was examined and both throttles were in the full forward position, both propeller controls were full forward, and the front engine mixture control was near the cutoff position, and the rear engine mixture control was just forward of the cutoff position. The fuel selector handles were consumed by the fire, but examination of the selectors revealed that the left side fuel selector was positioned to the left wing. The right side selector was significantly fire damaged and the position was unreliable.

The front propeller remained attached to the engine and the propeller blades displayed significant s-bending and chordwise gouging and scrapes. Approximately 6 inches of propeller blade tip separated from one of the blades and was located at the accident site. The front engine [IO-360-G serial number 352339] was examined and revealed no anomalies that would have prevented its normal operation. Compression was obtained from each cylinder and continuity was noted throughout the engine crankshaft and camshaft. Both magnetos produced spark at each terminal during rotation of their drive shafts.

The rear propeller separated from the engine just aft of the propeller mounting flange. The fractures surfaces displayed 45-degree shear lips. The propeller blades were curled aft at their tips. The rear engine [IO-360-D(23C)CG serial number 57622] sustained fire damage and its magnetos were melted. The fuel pump was removed and found dry but internally intact. Two of the fuel injectors (number 2 and 3 cylinders) were found partially clogged. The engine crankshaft was rotated and continuity was noted from the accessory section to the crankshaft fracture area. Compression was obtained from each cylinder and valve train continuity was noted. The engine was disassembled and no anomalies were noted that would have prevented its normal operation.

The TCM engine investigator noted that both engines appeared to have been run lean after reviewing the spark plugs and cylinders.

The Edwards Air Force Base (EDW) weather observation facility, which is located approximately 17 nautical miles southeast of the accident site, reported the following weather conditions at 1455: wind from 250 degrees at 11 knots; visibility 85 statute miles; a few clouds at 6,000 feet; temperature 32 degrees Celsius; dew point -04 degrees Celsius; altimeter setting of 29.82 inches of mercury. Utilizing this data, along with the elevation at EDW, the density altitude was calculated to be 4,943 feet.

A review of the aircraft's owner manual, under the performance section, revealed that with the weather data referenced above and utilizing the aircraft's maximum gross weight, the airplane should have been able to climb out at a rate of approximately 850 feet/minute with both engines operative. However, this climb rate would be obtained with an indicated airspeed of about 109 miles/hour. The pilot reported that he was climbing at 90 miles/hour and obtaining a 300-foot/minute rate of climb. The stall speed on the Cessna 337 with flaps up is 80 miles/hour.

NTSB Probable Cause

the pilot's encounter with a downdraft or wind shear during takeoff the initial climb.