NTSB Factual Report

HISTORY OF FLIGHT

On February 2, 2007, at 1738 mountain standard time, a Boeing 737-522, N928UA, operated by United Air Lines, Inc., as flight 1193, and piloted by an airline transport certificated pilot, nearly collided with a snowplow after landing at Denver International Airport (DEN), Denver, Colorado. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the incident. The scheduled domestic passenger flight was being conducted under the provisions of Title 14 CFR Part 121, and an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan had been filed and activated. The captain, first officer, 3 flight attendants, and 96 passengers were not injured. The flight originated at Billings, Montana, approximately 1628.

The investigation revealed that the snow plow had been plowing snow on Great Rock Road, an Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) service road, and was en route to fire station no. 2, located northwest of the runway 08 threshold. The driver stopped short of taxiway R. Without clearance from air traffic control or airport operations, he proceeded across the runway. The driver said he saw the landing airplane as he was crossing the runway and increased acceleration.

According to the airport operations manager, the snowplow driver told the operations supervisor (OPS-9), who had previously escorted the snowplow, that he wanted to make a second pass over Great Rock Road before proceeding to fire station no. 2. "OPS-9 acknowledged and then began driving west on taxiway R, expecting to see the snowplow coming westbound on 98th street (south and parallel to taxiway R). After driving approximately 100 yards, OPS-9 began looking for, and finally saw, the snowplow on the north end of Great Rock Road at the edge of runway 8-26. Before OPS-9 could attempt radio contact, the plow driver...drove onto runway 8-26 directly in front of United 1193 that had just landed."

According to statements submitted by the flight crew, they saw the snowplow holding short of the taxiway. They landed and during the rollout, they observed the snowplow cross the runway in front of them. "Significant" reverse thrust and brakes were used to bring the aircraft to a halt on the runway.

The ground controller in the control tower said he did not see the snow plow. He was alerted to the runway incursion by the flight crew's report. He stated that the Airport Movement Area Safety System (AMASS) was operational but no alarm sounded.

PERSONNEL (CREW) INFORMATION

The captain, age 40, held an airline transport pilot certificate, dated November 20, 2006, with an airplane multiengine land rating, and type ratings in the Boeing 737, 757, 767 and Beech 1900 (circle approach VMC only). He also held a flight instructor certificate, dated May 18, 1998, with airplane single-engine, multiengine, and instrument ratings, and a flight engineer certificate, dated November 26, 1996, with a turbojet rating. His first class airman medical certificate, dated December 11, 2006, contained the restriction, "Must wear corrective lenses." According to United Airlines, the captain had accrued 6,975 total flight hours, of which 2,544 hours were in the Boeing 737-500.

The first officer, age 38, held an airline transport pilot certificate, dated April 28, 2006, with an airplane multiengine land rating, type ratings in the Boeing 707, 720, and 737 (second-in-command privileges only), and commercial privileges in airplanes single-engine land. His first class airman medical certificate, dated March 8, 2006, contained the restriction, "Must wear corrective lenses." According to United Airlines, the pilot he had accrued 2,084 total flight hours, of which 942 hours were in the Boeing 737-500.

The snow plow driver, age 42, was employed by Denver International Airport in 2004. In 2005, he became red stripe badge-certified --- that is, his airport identification badge had red diagonal stripes across the front, signifying his qualification to drive on airport movement areas, but only with prior approval from airport operations. To attain this badge, the employee must satisfactorily complete a prescribed training program, pass a written examination, take a familiarization ride, and pass a practical. In 2006, the driver's access was changed and he received a more restrictive blue LAR (limited access route) identification badge. He was allowed to drive only on specific routes and cross certain taxiways. He could not drive in a movement area unless escorted. At the time of the incident, he held the blue LAR badge.

The operations supervisor (OPS-9), age 50, previously a City of Denver employee, was employed by the airport in early 2006. Six months later, after satisfactorily completing the prescribed training course and taking a written and practical test, he became red badge-certified. This identification badge allowed him to drive on any portion of the airport property. At the time of the incident, he held red badge authority.

METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION

An automated weather observation station (AWOS) observation, taken at DEN at 1653, was as follows: Wind, 260 degrees at 13 knots; visibility, 10 statute miles (or greater); sky condition, few clouds at 9000 feet; ceiling,14,000 feet broken, 25,0000 feet broken; temperature, -5 degrees Celsius (C.); dew point, -16 degrees C.; altimeter setting, 29.74 inches of mercury.

AERODROME INFORMATION

Denver International Airport, located 16 miles northeast of Denver, is situated at an elevation of 5,431 feet msl (above mean sea level). It has six runways. Runway 08-26 is 12,000 feet x 150 feet, of concrete construction, and is located north of runways 17-35 L/R, and is east of runways 16-34 L/R. The average snowfall for February is 4.5 inches.

MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION

A toxicology screen performed on both the snowplow driver and the operations supervisor was negative for alcohol and drugs.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Other than the Federal Aviation Administration, there were no other parties to the investigation.

The airplane was verbally released back to United Air Lines on February 2, 2007.

NTSB Probable Cause

The snowplow driver's failure to follow procedures/directives by crossing an active runway without clearance, resulting in a runway incursion and near collision with an airplane during its landing roll.