NTSB Factual Report

HISTORY OF FLIGHT

On May 21, 2009, at 1254 eastern daylight time, a Thornton RV-6A experimental amateur-built airplane, N39JT, was destroyed when it impacted terrain while maneuvering shortly after takeoff from the Plainwell Municipal Airport (61D), Plainwell, Michigan. The private pilot and pilot-rated passenger sustained fatal injuries. The airplane was registered to and operated by the pilot. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan was filed for the 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. The flight from Plainwell to Elkhart, Indiana, was originating at the time of the accident.

According to local authorities, the pilot and passenger were seen at a local Plainwell restaurant prior to the accident flight. Restaurant personnel, who spoke with the pilot and passenger, stated that the pilot and passenger flew up from Elkhart to have lunch at the restaurant and then planned on returning back to Elkhart after lunch. During the conversation, the pilot mentioned that the flight from Elkhart took approximately 30 minutes and the airplane used 8 gallons of fuel during the flight. After lunch, the pilot and passenger left the restaurant.

Several witnesses observed different portions of the accident flight. A couple of witnesses reported that they observed the airplane initially heading north after takeoff from 61D and then making a turn to the west. The airplane then lost altitude and dropped approximately 20 feet. One witness stated the airplane "regained control." The airplane flew straight and then started to make a series of turns with changes in altitude. The airplane “barely cleared the trees” and entered a 45-degree bank left turn prior to impact with terrain. The witness stated, “…the plane dropped out of the air.” The airplane descended below trees, impacted terrain, and was consumed by fire. Fire and rescue personnel arrived on-scene shortly thereafter.

PERSONNEL INFORMATION

The pilot, age 76 and seated in the left seat, held a private pilot certificate with airplane single-engine land and instrument ratings. The pilot’s most recent third-class medical examination was conducted on January 22, 2009.

A review of the pilot’s logbook revealed the pilot had accumulated 868.9 total flight hours and 188.2 flight hours in the accident airplane. The pilot had completed 1.6 hours in the preceding 90 days. The pilot’s most recent flight review was conducted on September 24, 2008. According to a family member, the pilot’s logbook may not have accurately reflected the pilot’s flight hours in the months preceding the accident. The family member stated he knew the pilot had flown more than 1.6 hours in the preceding 90 days. The pilot’s logbook showed that he and the passenger had conducted numerous flights in the preceding years.

The pilot-rated passenger, age 68 and seated in the right seat, held a private pilot certificate with airplane single-engine land and instrument ratings. His most recent third-class medical certificate was issued on May 27, 2008, with a limitation for corrective lenses. On his medical certification application, he had reported 888 total flight hours and 30 hours in the last 6 months. The pilot’s logbook was not located during the investigation.

AIRCRAFT INFORMATION

The 2001 Thornton RV-6A, serial number 24470, was a low-wing, fixed tricycle gear, experimental amateur-built airplane that was owned and operated by the pilot. The airplane was powered by a four-cylinder Lycoming O-360-A1A engine, rated at 180 horsepower, and equipped with a two-bladed propeller. The airplane was configured to carry two occupants and equipped with dual controls.

The airplane logbooks were not located during the investigation. On October 10, 2008, the pilot’s logbook showed an entry for a 0.4 hour flight with the remark, “Post annual [aircraft] check, OK”.

METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION

At 1253, the Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport (AZO), Kalamazoo, Michigan, located approximately 15 nautical miles south of the accident site, recorded the wind from 220 degrees at 13 knots, gusting to 18 knots, visibility 10 statute miles, sky clear, temperature 26 degrees Celsius, dew point 10 degrees Celsius, and an altimeter setting of 30.13 inches of mercury.

WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspectors responded to and examined the accident site. The accident site was located approximately 1 mile east of 61D. The airplane came to rest upright in a field and was destroyed during the impact and post impact fire. The cockpit, right wing, and fuselage were destroyed due to thermal damage. The crankshaft propeller flange was separated from the crankshaft and displayed a 45-degree shear lip fracture surface. Both propeller blades displayed leading edge gouging, chordwise scratches, and blade polishing. Flight control continuity was established to the flight control surfaces. No pre-impact anomalies were noted with the airframe. The wreckage was recovered for further examination.

MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION

The pilot had a Special Issuance of his FAA medical certificate due to a history of glaucoma controlled on medication, and of a partial lung obstruction that was not resulting in any symptoms. Neither the pilot nor the pilot-rated passenger had noted a history of heart disease or high blood pressure on their most recent application for an airman medical certificate. On their most recent applications, the pilot's blood pressure was noted as 152/82 and the passenger's blood pressure was noted as 134/66.

Autopsies were conducted on the pilot and passenger by the Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, Michigan, for the Allegan County Medical Examiner’s Office, on May 22, 2009. On autopsy, both occupants were noted to have coronary artery disease and a scar from a prior heart attack. The cause of death listed for both occupants were multiple blunt force and thermal injuries. Specimens were retained for toxicological analysis by the FAA Civil Aeromedical Institute’s (CAMI) Forensic and Accident Research Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Toxicological tests for the pilot were negative for carbon monoxide, cyanide, alcohol and all screened drugs.

Toxicological tests for the passenger were negative for carbon monoxide, cyanide, and alcohol. An unspecified level of Atenolol was detected in the blood and urine; 0.089 (ug/ml, ug/g) of diphenhydramine was detected in the blood, and an unspecified level of diphenhydramine was detected in the urine. The source of blood submitted to the FAA for toxicology testing was not noted, but the autopsy report did indicate that there was no cavity blood present. Atenolol is a beta blocker medication used to control high blood pressure or control heart rate. The use of Atenolol was not reported on his most recent medical certificate application.

TEST AND RESEARCH

On June 23, 2009, FAA inspectors examined the engine with the assistance of a local mechanic. According to the inspectors, the engine was damaged by impact and post impact fire. The magnetos were removed and rotation was verified. The magnetos could not be functional tested. The crankshaft could not be rotated and several thru-bolts were found broken in the crankcase. The oil appeared to be clean and free of contaminants. The number two cylinder was removed and examined. No anomalies were noted with the internal engine components.

NTSB Probable Cause

The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control for undetermined reasons.