NTSB Factual Report

HISTORY OF FLIGHT

On September 8, 2014, about 1645 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 172K, N79438, was substantially damaged when it impacted a parked railroad freight car, then terrain, in Selkirk, New York. The flight instructor and the sport pilot (under instruction for her private pilot certificate) were fatally injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and the airplane, which had just departed South Albany Airport (4B0), Selkirk, New York, was not operating on a flight plan. The instructional flight was conducted under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91.

According to a witness, the pilots told him that that they were going to fly to Columbia County Airport (1B1), Hudson, New York, and that the sport pilot was going to practice maneuvers for her upcoming practical test. The witness then saw the pilots get into the airplane, and while he was walking to his hangar, heard a "normal" engine run-up. He subsequently heard the airplane take off [from runway 19], and it "seemed normal." Shortly thereafter, the witness heard the engine "shut off [and] a second later it started back up." After another second, the witness heard a loud crash.

A second witness, who was outside the airport office, saw the airplane take off from runway 19, and after it reached an altitude of about 100 feet, the engine experienced a total loss of power. A few seconds later, the witness thought he heard the engine restart, then he heard a loud bang.

A third witness was standing by his parked airplane about 3/4 of the way down the runway. According to the witness, the accident airplane took off "normally" just past where the witness was standing, and when it had climbed to about 100 feet, the engine completely lost power. The airplane leveled, the engine started again, and the airplane continued climbing past the end of the runway. The engine then began to run "rough," and the airplane banked to the right. As it continued banking, the engine "lost most of its power," and the airplane descended while still in a bank. The airplane then disappeared below a tree line, and the witness heard a single, loud bang.

PILOT INFORMATION

The flight instructor, age 48, held a commercial pilot certificate with airplane single engine land, airplane multiengine land and instrument airplane ratings. He also held a flight instructor certificate. His latest Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) first class medical certificate was issued on November 13, 2012. At the time, the flight instructor indicated 1,600 flight hours. Pilot logbook pages provided by a family member indicated, that as of June 23, 2014, a total flight time of 1,808 hours. Time in type and model could not be determined.

The pilot under instruction, age 61, held a sport pilot certificate. The pilot's logbook was photographed by an FAA inspector who reported the pilot's total time of 188 hours, with 81 hours in make and model. She was issued an FAA third class medical certificate on July 13, 2013.

AIRPORT INFORMATION

The airport had a single runway, designated 1/19, which was 2,853 feet long and 60 feet wide. Airport elevation was 196 feet. At the end of the runway 19 there was railroad switching yard. The taxiway in front of the airport office was about 550 feet from the beginning of the runway.

AIRPLANE INFORMATION

The airplane was powered by a Lycoming O-320 engine powering a two-bladed metal propeller. The latest annual inspection was completed on June 28, 2014, at 10,639 hours in service.

According to the airplane's Owner's Manual, with the approximate ambient conditions and depending on weight, takeoff distance would have minimally been about 900 feet.

METEOROGICAL INFORMATION

The recorded weather at an airport about 11 nautical miles to the northeast, at 1651, included a few clouds at 6,000 feet, 10 statute miles visibility, winds from 160 degrees true at 10 knots, gusting to 14 knots, temperature 24 degrees C, dew point 9 degrees C, altimeter setting 30.32 inches Hg.

For the ambient temperature and dew point, a carburetor icing probability chart found in FAA Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin CE-09-35 indicated "serious icing at glide power."

WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION

The airplane came to rest in the railroad yard, next to a line of double deck, covered, rail car automobile carriers (auto racks), in the vicinity of 42 degrees, 33.3 minutes north latitude, 073 degrees, 50.1 minutes west longitude. One of the rail cars had white paint transfer marks on its roof and side, which matched damage found on the underside of the left wing and the left wing strut. The side of the rail car also had an area that was indented, with a portion of the left side of the airplane's engine shroud embedded in it.

The airplane had significant fore-to-aft crush damage of the engine compartment. All of the airplane's flight control surfaces were located at the accident site, and flight control continuity was confirmed from the cockpit to all of those surfaces. The propeller blades had some leading edge damage and chordwise gouges.

The fuel selector was found in the "Both" position; however, one of the first responders stated that he had moved it, but could not recall in which direction, in an attempt to stop fuel from leaking. The carburetor air heat knob was found pulled out, to the "ON" position.

The left wing fuel cap was found hanging by its retaining chain, but first responders advised that it had been unscrewed to attempt to stem the fuel leak. In addition, there was no paint chipping consistent with the fuel cap flapping on the end of its chain during the flight.

Both wing fuel tanks contained fuel, that when drained, was blue in color and absent of water and debris. The gascolator was destroyed. The single fuel vent initially seemed blocked; however, once removed and sectioned, no blockage was found. Rubber vent coverings on both vented fuel caps were pliable and in good condition.

The engine did not exhibit any mechanical anomalies that would have precluded normal operation. Crankshaft continuity, cylinder compression and spark were all confirmed. Examination of the spark plug electrodes revealed that all were gray in color, except the bottom No. 3 cylinder spark plug, which was oil soaked. Compared to a Champion Aviation Check-A-Plug card, the seven non-soaked plugs appeared "Normal."

The carburetor was found separated at the oil sump flange, and the throttle arm was found broken on the throttle arm side of the throttle plate. The fuel line to the inlet side of the carburetor was broken about 14 inches from the inlet.

The carburetor bowl was separated from the carburetor, but no measurable amount of fuel was found in the bowl. A small amount of fuel was found in the accelerator pump cavity of the bowl. The fuel was tested with water-finding paste with no water indicated. The carburetor float mechanism and mixture needle were tested with air and found to operate without anomaly.

There were no recording devices onboard the airplane. In addition, the witness standing by the airport office did not hear any radio transmissions from the airplane, and the radio in the airport office did not have a recording capability.

TESTS AND RESEARCH

Security cameras at the airport captured portions of the taxi and takeoff, but not the event.

One recording showed the airplane being pulled out to an engine start position, the two pilots entering the airplane, engine startup, a taxi ahead from the start position to an engine run-up position in front of the airport office, the engine run-up, and taxi away from the run-up position.

The airplane subsequently departed the engine run-up position, turned left and almost immediately went out of view. It was next seen briefly during the takeoff roll, entering the left side of the frame and departing the right.

The preflight inspection of the airplane was not captured on the video.

A computer technician at the airport was able to time the starts and stops of the various events, which resulted in:

Startup to initial taxi: 55 seconds.

Engine run-up: 3 minutes, 51 seconds.

Taxiing from run-up area out of left side of frame, to reentering left side of the frame during takeoff roll: 2 minutes, 46 seconds.

Takeoff roll from left side of the frame out the right side: 3 seconds.

Witness coming into right side of frame after hearing the crash: 32 seconds.

Another Cessna 172, with the same engine model, was subsequently utilized to determine approximate times from fuel shut-off to engine stop. Results: at idle, about 48 seconds; at 1,700 rpm (engine run-up rpm): about 18 seconds; at full power: about 9 seconds.

MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Autopsies were performed on both pilots at the Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York. Stated cause of death for both pilots was "multiple traumatic blunt force injuries," and the manner of death was "accident."

Toxicological testing was completed on both pilots at the FAA's Civil Aerospace. Medical Institute. No anomalies were noted for the flight instructor.

Results for the sport pilot included diphenhydramine, etomidate, lidocaine, and rosuvastatin in liver samples and in heart blood, ibuprofen in heart blood, and atropine in liver and kidney samples.

According to National Institute of Health online information, diphenhydramine is an antihistamine, ibuprofen is an analgesic, and rosuvastatin reduces cholesterol. The pilot had reported the latter two on her FAA medical application.

Lidocaine is a numbing agent, etomidate is an anesthesia, and atropine can be used to increase low heart rate; their concurrent administration typically reflects medical intervention.

NTSB Probable Cause

A loss of engine power for reasons that could not be determined because postaccident examination of the airframe and engine did not reveal any anomalies that would have precluded normal operation.