NTSB Factual Report

On November 17, 2012, about 0005 eastern standard time, a Beechcraft B33, N8519M, was substantially damaged during a forced landing following a total loss of engine power while on approach to Westchester County Airport (HPN), White Plains, New York. The private pilot incurred minor injuries. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and an instrument flight rules flight plan was filed for the flight that departed Rock Airport (9G1), Tarentum, Pennsylvania at about 2150. The business flight was conducted under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91.

The pilot conducted a flight from HPN to 9G1 prior to the accident flight, after which he did not refuel the airplane. The pilot stated that he departed 9G1 for HPN with approximately 47 gallons of fuel.

As the airplane was on final approach to runway 34 at HPN, at an altitude of 1,000-1,500 feet mean sea level, the pilot noticed that he was above the glide path for a normal landing and "performed a brief slip to lose altitude quicker" During the slip, the pilot decreased propeller pitch, and the engine made an unusual "roaring" sound. The pilot declared an emergency on the airport’s common traffic advisory frequency, switched the fuel selector from the left fuel tank to the right fuel tank, and performed the emergency checklist for an engine failure by memory before attempting to restart the engine. The pilot maneuvered the airplane towards a lighted parking lot and executed a forced landing about one-half of a nautical mile short of runway 34. After egress from the airplane, the pilot stated that he returned back inside the cockpit to turn the fuel selector off. During postaccident interviews, the pilot could not remember from what position he turned the fuel selector to the off position. The pilot did not report any preflight mechanical anomalies that would have precluded normal operation of the airplane.

Examination of the airplane revealed damage to the firewall, left wing root and wing spar. Flight control cable continuity was established from the cockpit controls to all the control surfaces. Although the left fuel tank was ruptured during impact with a tree, no fuel pooling, leakage, or odor were present at the accident site. Examination of the cockpit indicators, controls, and switches revealed the fuel selector switch was in the off position, the throttle was in the full power position, the fuel mixture control lever was in the full rich position, and the propeller control lever was in the full out position. The auxiliary fuel boost pump switch was in the off position.

The 2256 recorded weather at HPN included wind from 360 degrees at 8 knots, visibility 10 statute miles, clear skies, temperature 3 degrees C, dew point 5 degrees C, and an altimeter setting of 30.41 inches of mercury.

The low-wing, retractable-gear airplane was powered by a Continental IO-520-BB, 285- horsepower engine, which was equipped with a 3-bladed McCauley propeller. Review of maintenance records revealed that an annual inspection was completed on June 6, 2012, at a total time of 11,298.5 hours. At the time of the accident, the engine total time was 2865.3 hours, with 809.8 hours since last major overhaul.

Examination of the fuel system was performed by Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspectors. The main fuel screen was removed, and residual fuel was found in the screen. The fuel line from the firewall to the engine-driven fuel pump was removed, and no residual fuel was found in the line. The engine-driven fuel pump was removed, and the drive coupler was inspected and found intact. The fuel control unit, fuel flow transducer, fuel manifold valve, and all associated fuel lines were removed and exhibited no residual fuel. Approximately 14 gallons of fuel was drained from the right wing.

Data extracted from the airplane’s fuel totalizer by the NTSB vehicle recorder laboratory indicated that the airplane consumed 54.2 gallons of fuel during the accident flight and the flight prior, and had 19.8 gallons of total fuel remaining on board at the time of the accident, three gallons of which was unusable.

According to FAA records, the engine-propeller combination installed on the accident airplane was not authorized in the type certificate data sheet for a Beechcraft B-33, and the airplane did not have a Supplemental Type Certificate or Flight Manual Supplement for the installation. The pilots operating handbook (POH) for the accident airplane did not include any information, including fuel consumption, for this engine and propeller combination. According to the POH, the maximum duration for a slip maneuver is 20 seconds for an airplane with unbaffled main fuel cells, with which the accident airplane was equipped. The POH also stated that, during an air start procedure, the auxiliary fuel pump must be turned to the on position until power is regained.

NTSB Probable Cause

The pilot's improper fuel management and his excessive slip maneuver, which led to fuel starvation and a total loss of engine power, and his failure to activate the electric boost pump during the attempted engine restart.