NTSB Factual Report

On September 1, 2013, approximately 1030 eastern daylight time, an Aeronca 65CA, N31915, was substantially damaged during a forced landing following a total loss of engine power after takeoff from a private airfield in Hardwick, Vermont. The certificated private pilot and passenger were seriously injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan was filed for the flight. The personal flight was conducted under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91.

The pilot reported that a preflight inspection revealed no anomalies of the airplane. The airplane's fuel tank contained 6.5 gallons of fuel, and a fuel sample exhibited no contaminants. The pilot started the engine and observed no abnormal indications on the engine gauges. A subsequent engine run-up check also revealed no anomalies, and the pilot initiated the takeoff roll from the turf runway utilizing a short-field takeoff procedure. Shortly after the airplane lifted off the runway, the engine began "misfiring" and experienced a total loss of power. The pilot maneuvered the airplane straight ahead, and it subsequently impacted the base of a large tree, resulting in substantial damage to the forward fuselage, engine firewall, and left wing.

The pilot held a private pilot certificate with a rating for airplane single-engine land. His most recent Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) third-class medical certificate was issued August 2, 2013. The pilot reported 92.5 total hours of flight experience, of which 46.8 hours were in the accident airplane make and model.

The tailwheel-equipped airplane was manufactured in 1941, and was purchased by the pilot in September 2008. The airplane's most recent annual inspection was completed on May 6, 2013 at a total airframe time of 1533.56 hours and a total tachometer time of 215.36 hours. Review of maintenance logs showed that an overhauled carburetor, new mixture control cable, and new carburetor heat control cable were installed in the airplane on June 22, 2013, and a subsequent test run of the engine was performed with no anomalies noted. There was no documentation regarding when or by whom the carburetor overhaul was performed. At the time of the accident, the airplane had accumulated approximately 7.5 hours since its most recent annual inspection.

The 1054 weather observation at Morrisville-Stowe State Airport (MVL), Morrisville, Vermont, located about 13 nautical miles west of the accident site, included variable wind at 3 knots, 10 statute miles visibility, clear skies, temperature 25 degrees, dew point 17 degrees, and an altimeter setting of 29.90 inches of mercury.

Postaccident examination of the airplane by an FAA inspector revealed that the airplane impacted an approximate 3-foot diameter tree. An odor of fuel was present at the site. Continuity of the flight controls from the cockpit area to all control surfaces was confirmed. As a result of contact with the tree, the engine was significantly damaged, and the crankshaft could not be rotated by hand. Visual inspection of the cylinders revealed no anomalies. Both magnetos were removed, and rotation of their respective input drives produced spark at all terminal leads. The spark plugs were removed and exhibited black sooty deposits. Several of the spark plugs were loose and able to be removed by hand. The carburetor filter was removed, and was absent of debris. The front/pilot seat assembly separated from the airframe during impact, but the pilot and passenger seatbelt webbing remained intact, and both belts remained attached to their respective seat anchor points. Each of the belts' latching mechanisms operated normally.

The carburetor was removed from the engine, disassembled, and examined in detail. When vacuum was applied to the fuel inlet fitting, the float needle was observed to seat improperly, and the manufacturer's specified float level of 13/32" could not be maintained. Application of a ½ psi fuel pressure resulted in the carburetor bowl being filled, and the needle/float being unable to prevent an excessively rich mixture condition. The float was within the manufacturer's weight specification, and when immersed in water heated to 212 degrees F, revealed no evidence of leaks. The main jet, air bleed, and idle air tube orifices were absent of any obstructions and met the manufacturer's dimensional specifications.

The airplane was subject to FAA Airworthiness Directive (AD) 47-30-08, which required modification of the seat belt anchorage to prevent failure during a crash landing. Review of FAA airworthiness records revealed an Application for Airworthiness Certificate dated September 13, 1948, stating that the airplane conformed to all applicable airworthiness directives, including AD 47-30-08. Review of maintenance logs also revealed an entry dated April 23, 2009 which stated, "[complied with] AD 47-30-08 by welding seat as per AD seat mod." Examination of the accident airplane revealed "L"-shaped gussets welded onto the corners of the fore and aft seat tube support structure in accordance with the modification described by the AD.

NTSB Probable Cause

The improper maintenance of the carburetor, which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to carburetor flooding.