NTSB Factual Report

On July 26, 2012, about 1630 central daylight time, an American Champion Aircraft model 8KCAB airplane, N60GK, had its seat tubing separate during an air show maneuver over the Wittman Regional Airport (OSH), near Oshkosh, Wisconsin. The airline transport pilot, who was the sole occupant, was uninjured and the airplane sustained no damage. The airplane’s registration to the pilot was pending and the airplane was operated by the pilot under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as an air show flight. Visual flight rules (VFR) conditions prevailed for the flight, which was not operated on a VFR flight plan. The local flight originated from OSH about 1625.

According to the pilot’s incident report, he stated that he was cleared in to the air show box. He performed a roll on takeoff followed by a half Cuban eight, four point roll, hammerhead, and a one and a half roll to an inverted turn-out/climb away from the crowd. The pilot climbed the airplane to 1,300 feet above ground level and entered the aerobatic box from the south with a 45 degree descending roll. At 150 mph he pulled into a 4g loop and initiated a snap-on-top-a-loop at the 60 degree inverted climb point in the loop. At that time the seat broke, which “immediately” laid the pilot back onto the rear seat and rear control stick. The rear controls were temporarily jammed by the pilot and the broken seat back. The airplane recovered by itself after one and a half rolls to the “right-side-up” position with wings level. The pilot, in part, stated:

I established level flight away from the crowd to assess the situation.

Once I was confident I had good control I asked the air boss for landing

clearance and landed on [runway] 36L without incident.

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspectors examined the incident airplane and found the seat bottom frame had separated. Additionally, the seat bottom frame, serial number A02443, was not equipped with a reinforcement truss.

The manufacturer reported that the incident adjustable seat assembly part number was 7-1499, revision K. The bottom and back adjustable seat sub-assembly frame part number was 7-1513, revision D. The seat bottom sub-assembly was missing its reinforcement truss, which was a welded stiffener with part number 2-2166, revision C. The manufacturer reviewed production work orders and discovered that a batch of 10 seats were produced that were not constructed with the stiffener and were non-conforming in reference to the production type certificate. The non-conforming batch of seats were marked with serial numbers A02437 through A02446.

The manufacturer identified affected stock seats and identified which other airplanes were affected by the installation of non-conforming seats. The manufacturer made arrangements for the return of all installed non-conforming seats. According to the manufacturer, the nine remaining seats will be ‘reworked’ by welding on the reinforcement truss stiffener that was missing. With the stiffener in place, the seat bottom frame conforms to the type certificate design.

The manufacturer further indicated that steps were added to the paperwork for seat production as an effort to make sure the assemblers pull all the parts when they are making a batch of seat assemblies. Inspection has the same type of step added to their paperwork. Another change in manufacturing was that the seat welding fixture now has a locater for the reinforcement truss stiffener parts, which is a visual cue in addition to the paperwork. The manufacturer believes that this visual cue will reduce complacency in reference to memorized paperwork associated with an assembler’s repetitive assembly operations.

Service Letter 437 was published indicating that owners should have a one-time inspection of the folding front seat bottom be conducted to ensure that the seat bottom frame contains the required 2-2166 reinforcement truss.

In follow-up communications with a manufacturer’s representative in March 2013, he reported that the nine remaining seats were reworked and conformed with the type certificate. Additionally, by that time, the improved assembly and inspection paperwork and welding fixture locators had also been implemented.

NTSB Probable Cause

The failure of the pilot’s seat bottom frame due to the manufacturer’s improper production, installation, and inspection of that seat bottom, which resulted in a temporary loss of control during an air show performance.